Electrochemical Determination of Amlodipine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and in Human Urine Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode

Abstract

The boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) as a perspective electrochemical sensor in association with differential pulse voltammetry was used for a sensitive determination of Amlodipine (AML) was determined in pharmaceutical formulations and in urine using a BDDE.  AML undergoes an irreversible electrochemical oxidation with a peak potential of ca. +0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 mol l^–1 KCl in a mixture of Britton-Robinson buffer of pH 5 and methanol, 10:1). The obtained parameters were as follows: the linear concentration range at 2·10^–7 – 6·10^–6 mol l^–1 and at 6·10^–6 – 3.8·10^–5 mol l^–1, detection limit 7.4·10^–8 mol l^–1 and relative standard deviation 3.6 % at 9.9·10^–6 mol l^–1 AML, n = 20). The proposed procedure was used in the analysis of commercial tablets and model urine samples with good recoveries. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and of good repeatability.